AIOTI WG Standardisation Focus Group on Semantic Interoperability has prepared a report on Data to Ontology Mapping.
A key challenge people face when using ontologies is how to map existing data to the concepts and properties defined by the ontologies. Mapping tools support this process, but there are quite a number of such tools available that differ in aspects such as expressiveness, required skills, and scalability. The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the different mapping tools available, classifying them into graphical user interface-based tools, configuration languages and programming frameworks. The working of each tool is summarised, with relevant links being provided for further details. Furthermore, each tool is scored on a scale of 1 to 5 according to important aspects: expressivity, maintainability, required programming expertise, required RDF expertise, user-friendliness, GUI-support, availability, and scalability, including an explanation for each score. As LLM-based approaches are becoming more and more interesting, an outlook on several example LLM-based approaches is given. Finally, a summary of the mapping tools is provided, sketching the inherent trade-off between expressiveness and (non-expert) user friendliness.